Who Is Father Of Ertugrul?

Who Is Father Of Ertugrul?  

Ottoman

Sophia Baffo took control of the Ottoman Empire in 158383 AD and ruled through her husband Murad III after the death of her father and mother-in-law Nurbanu. In 15 3 In, Sophia joined the war with Austria. After Murad's death in 1 95, Sofia continued the war with Austria through her son, Mehmed III. Sophia was talking to Queen Elizabeth, who sent her a clockwork ring and a car as a gift. Henry IV of France also tried to form an alliance with him against Spain and Austria. When the Austrian army lost some battles in Austria, however, the Ottoman perception went against the Europeans and the Christians in general and Elizabeth died and in the end, they formed no alliance. Mehmed died in 1 Meh03 and his mother Sophia continued to rule through her grandson Ahmed.

Until then, there were new problems in the Ottoman Empire. Most importantly, the rise of Hapsburg Austria meant that the Ottomans had to fight on two fronts - the Hapsburgs in the west and the Safavids in the east. After Sofia's death, Ahmed's wife, Kosem Sultan, took over, but the Ottoman Empire came to a difficult time. On August 1, 2006, Austria stopped paying tribute to the Ottomans. Henry IV died in 1610, and Kosem Sultan lost the eastern lands to Safavid Shah Abbas I - both Georgia and Azerbaijan, now in Iraq.

Islamic history

Mohammed

Like Sophia, Kosem Sultan ruled through several sons, and then through her grandson Mehmed IV. Entering the Thirty Years' War, she was able to gain some land in Hungary for what she had lost in the East. After the death of Shah Abbas, Kosem Sultan was able to recapture Baghdad (163838).

But in 1651, Mehmed's mother, Turhan Hatis, killed Kosem Sultan to gain power. Turhan Hattis fought a war with Venice on the island of Crete, but the war was costly and the Ottomans were poorer than before. Spanish ships were bringing heavy loads of silver from mines in South America, and they were using this silver to buy silk, cotton, porcelain and pepper, and other silk routes from the Ottomans. At first, it made the Ottomans rich, but there was so much silver that it was worthless. At the same time, English, Spanish, and Portuguese ships began sailing around Africa and India to China and buying luxuries directly instead of the Silk Road. For both reasons, the Ottomans gradually lost the wealth they had gained through trade and began to produce what they needed for themselves. In 1656, the Venetians managed to cut off the Ottoman ship, so they could not return to Istanbul. Turhan Hatis was forced to hand over most of his power to Mehmed's Grand Vizier, Koprulu Mehmed Pasha. This woman was the end of the Ottoman Empire's rule - 75 years before women began to rule in Russia.

Karen Carr is an Associate Professor Emeritus, Department of History, Portland State University. She holds a doctorate in classical art and archeology from the University of Michigan.